A new paper from a research team at the Harvard Kennedy School explores Indigenous conservation practices, finding that Indigenous peoples are achieving equal or superior conservation outcomes across the globe and calling on policymakers, funders, and conservation leaders to support Indigenous-led stewardship as a key strategy to combat biodiversity loss and climate change.

The research warns against “conservation at any cost,” a flawed approach that continues the historical displacement of Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands and waters. Instead, the report demonstrates that Indigenous nations are not barriers to conservation but experts whose stewardship protects biodiversity, sustains ecosystems, and strengthens climate resilience.

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